Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Otsekedwa-Makina Ozizira a Loop
Jun 30, 2026
Siyani uthenga
Dongosolo lotsekera-lozizira la loop lili ndi zozungulira ziwiri zamadzi zodziyimira pawokha: zotsekera mkati zozungulira ndi zozungulira zakunja. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kutayika kwa mabwalo awiriwa kumasiyanitsidwa kwathunthu.
Kufunika kwamadzi kwathunthu kumakhudza magawo awiri: static system yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi madzi odzola kuti agwire ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Poyerekeza ndi nyumba zozizirirapo zachikale, imapereka madzi abwino-kupulumutsa madzi ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati njira yoziziritsira magetsi atsopano, makampani opanga mankhwala, kupanga zinthu mwaluso komanso malo opangira data.
I. Total Static Holding Water Volume (Volume Imodzi-Time Filling Volume)
Kuchuluka kwa madzi osasunthika kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa madzi oti adzadzidwe panthawi yoyamba kutumizidwa kapena kukhetsa kwathunthu pambuyo pokonzanso kwambiri, wopangidwa ndi madzi opangira mkati ndi madzi opopera akunja.
Losindikizidwa Mkati Njira Kuzungulira Madzi
Derali limatsekeredwa mkati mwa ma coil, mapaipi, zosinthira kutentha ndi akasinja amadzi otchingira popanda kukhudzana ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi achilengedwe awonongeke panthawi yogwira ntchito. Fomula Yowerengera:Kuchuluka kwa Madzi ochulukitsitsa=Volume ya Pipeline + Volume ya Coil + Buffer Tank Volume Munthawi yanthawi zonse yogwira ntchito m'mafakitale, mphamvu yogwira mokhazikika imafika pafupifupi 8–12 m³ pa 100 m³/h ya kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Tizigawo tating'ono tomwe timayenda pansi pa 50 m³/h timagwira madzi 3-6 m³.
Makina akulu otsekeka-osungira mphamvu zosungira mphamvu ndi makemikolo omwe akuyenda mopitirira 1,000 m³/h amafunikira ma kiyubiki metre mazanamazana pakudzaza{3}}kamodzi. Madzi ofewa, madzi oyera kapena ethylene glycol aqueous solution amatengedwa ngati njira yozungulira. Pang'ono chabe ndipang'onopang'ono payenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti madzi atsike akatha kudzaza koyambirira, ndipo zazikulu-zikuluzikulu zapakati ndizosafunikira chaka chonse.
Kunja Kupopera Kuzungulira Madzi
Madzi opopera amayenda pamwamba pa makoyilo omata kuti asinthe kutentha kwa nthunzi ndipo amasungidwa pansi pamadzi apansi pa nsanja yozizirira. Voliyumu yake yosasunthika imangokhala 20% -50% ya kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Tengani 500 m³/h yotsekedwa-chitsanzo choziziritsira njira yoziziritsira malupu mwachitsanzo: madzi opoperapo amayenda kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 250 m³/h, pamene madzi osasunthika mu sump ndi 5–15 m³ chabe, ocheperapo kwambiri kuposa mazana a cubic metres osungidwa mu beseni lamadzi la malo ozizirira otseguka omwewo.
Chiwerengero chonse-chodzaza nthawi imodzi ya makina otsekedwa{1}}ndi 30% -50% yokha ya makina otsegula omwe ali ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi kutentha, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito madzi poyamba.
II. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi a Makeup mu Ntchito Yatsiku ndi Tsiku (Core Source of Continuous Water Loss)
Kutayika kwa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zotsekedwa-zida zotsekeka zimachitika mumayendedwe akunja opopera, pomwe kutayika kwa madzi amkati kumatha kunyalanyazidwa. Kuchuluka kwamadzi opangira madzi kumaphatikizapo kutayika kwa evaporation, kutayika kwamadzi komanso kutayika kwamphamvu.General Formula: Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Odzipangira Maola Ola=Kutayika kwa Mpweya + Kutayika kwa Drift + Kutayika kwa Blowdown
Kutayika kwa Evaporation (70% -80% ya kutayika kwathunthu, wogwiritsa ntchito madzi woyamba)
Kutentha kumachotsedwa kudzera mu nthunzi wa madzi opopera, ndipo kusiyana kwa kutentha kumatsimikizira mphamvu ya evaporation. Muyezo waukadaulo wamafakitale: pamene kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa madzi olowera ndi kutulutsa ndi 5 digiri, kutayika kwa evaporation kumafanana ndi 0.54% ya kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa kutsitsi.Njira Yowerengera Yeniyeni: WE=Δt×L×4.1868÷2520 Komwe Δt=kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa madzi opopera;
L=kuchuluka kwa kupopera kwa ola. Mwachitsanzo, ndi madzi opopera a 200 m³/h ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa madigiri 5, kutaya kwa nthunzi paola kumafika pafupifupi 1.08 m³.
M'chilimwe chotentha ndi kukwera konyowa-mababu, kutayika kwa nthunzi kumakwera pang'ono kufika pa 0.6%–0.8% ya madzi opopera.
Kutayika kwa Drift
{{0}zochotsa madzi amphamvu kwambiri zimatsekereza nkhungu yamadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asatayike kwambiri-ma loop systems, 0.001%–0.1% chabe ya kuchuluka kwa madzi opopera. Zida zamtengo wapatali zimatha kuwongolera kutayika kwa madzi pansi pa 0.05%, kupanga pafupifupi osalemedwa ndi madzi, apamwamba kwambiri kuposa nsanja zotseguka zotayika 2% -3%.
Kutaya kwa Blowdown Dilution
Mchere umachulukana m'madzi opopera pakapita-nthunzi kwa nthawi yaitali, choncho kuphulika kumafunika kuwongolera nthawi zonse, ndi mayendedwe okhazikika kuyambira 3 mpaka 5.
Fomula Yowerengetsera: Blowdown Volume=Evaporation Loss ÷ (Concentration Cycle − 1) Closed-loop systems imakhala ndi madzi opopera ochepa m'munsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi otsekemera. Makina omwe ali ndi kasamalidwe kabwino ka madzi amatha kukulitsa nthawi yopumira ndikuchepetsanso kufunikira kwa madzi odzola.
Kuphatikizira mitundu yonse itatu yotayika, pansi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika yogwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa madzi opaka paola ola otsekedwa-ma loop systems amangotengera 0.5%–1.5% ya kufalikira kwa kupopera. Atasinthidwa kukhala njira yayikulu yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kake, madzi onse amamwa ndi 10% -20% yokha ya nsanja zozizirira zotseguka zofananira.
Kuyerekeza kutengera 500 m³/h yotsekedwa-ziziliro za loop process: nsanja zotseguka zimafunikira madzi opaka zopakapaka 10–15 m³ pa ola, pomwe otsekedwa{4}}ma loop systems amangodya 0.5–1.5 m³ paola. Pamaola 20{12}pantchito tsiku lililonse, madzi opitirira matani 170 amatha kusungidwa, zomwe ndi matani oposa 50,000 opulumutsa madzi pachaka, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madera omwe mulibe madzi.
III. Zosintha Zazikulu Zomwe Zikukhudza Kutsekedwa{1}}Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi kwa Loop System
Kutentha kumachuluka ndi kunyowa-babu: kutaya madzi kumachuluka ndi 20%–30% m'nyengo yachilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira-yotsika pang'ono, kuziziritsa kowuma kumatha kuyatsidwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa sprayer kuti musagwiritse ntchito madzi opaka zopakapaka.
Kapangidwe ka zida: makholo otalikirana komanso{0}}zochotsa madzi osachulukirachulukira zimachepetsa kutsetsereka, pamene zazikulu{1}}zopatsa mphamvu zimachepetsa zopakapaka nthawi zambiri.
Kusamalidwa bwino kwa madzi: Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi opopera ofewa kumapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso kumachepetsa kuwonongeka-kuwonongeka kwamadzi.
Kukhazikika kwadongosolo: kutayikira kwa mapaipi ozungulira mkati ndi mavavu kumawonjezera pang'ono kuchuluka kwamadzi odzola. Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi kumatha kuchepetsa kutaya kutayikira pansi pa 0.05%.
IV. Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Ogwiritsa Ntchito Pamafakitale
800 m³/h yatsekedwa-makina oziziritsa pa malupu a malo opangira data ndi kusungirako mphamvu: voliyumu yonse yodzaza yosasunthika mozungulira 90 m³; ola zodzoladzola madzi 1.2-1.8 m³ pansi pa kutentha kwa chilimwe, ziro zodzoladzola madzi m'nyengo yozizira youma kuzirala mode.
400 m³/h chatsekedwa-loop unit ya kuzizira kwa chemical crystallization: static filling volume ya 45 m³, madzi opaka pa ola limodzi ndi 0.6–1.0 m³ chaka chonse.
Nthawi yayitali-yogwira ntchito, zotsekera{1}}zozizira zoziziritsa kukhosi zimabweretsa madzi awiri-zofunika zopulumutsa: kutsika-kuchuluka kwa nthawi yodzaza ndi madzi opaka nthawi zonse. Pakadali pano, njira yoyendetsera madzi amkati imakhalabe aukhondo kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kuyeretsa madzi kuchokera kugwero, komanso kutsatira malamulo osungira madzi m'mafakitale ndi kuchepetsa utsi.
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