Cooling Tower

Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito ya Cooling Tower

Tanthauzo la Cooling Tower

Nsanja yozizira ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati choziziritsa chozungulira. Zimatenga kutentha kuchokera m'dongosolo ndikuzitulutsa mumlengalenga kuti zichepetse kutentha kwa madzi. Kuziziritsa kwake kumadalira kusintha kwa madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi oziziritsa azigwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga ndalama pazachuma.

Mfundo Yozizirira

Chinsanja chozizira chimapopera madzi otentha pamwamba pa zinthu zotayira kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi mpweya wodutsa. Kusinthana kwabwino kwa kutentha kumachitika pakati pa madzi otentha ndi mpweya wozizira, pamene mbali ina ya madzi otentha imasanduka nthunzi ndi kutulutsa kutentha kobisika kwa nthunzi mumlengalenga. Madzi ozizira amagwera mu thanki yamadzi ndipo amawapopera ku chotenthetsera kutentha kuti atengenso kutentha.

Zofunika Kwambiri pakusankha kwa Tower Cooling Tower

Mfundo zotsatirazi ndizofunikira posankha nsanja yozizirira:

Kuthamanga kwa madzi ozungulira;

Kutentha kwamadzi (kutentha) kwa nsanja yozizira;

Kutentha kwamadzi (ozizira) kwa nsanja yozizira;

Kutentha kozungulira kwa babu;

Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi pafupipafupi;

Kuzungulira kwa madzi;

Malo a chilengedwe ndi malo omwe alipo;

Zofunikira mtundu wa nsanja.

Makhalidwe a Cooling Tower

Chidule cha Counterflow Cooling Tower

Madzi amayenda pansi mwachilengedwe ndi mphamvu yokoka kudzera muzinthu zotayira kutentha, pomwe mpweya umadutsa mopingasa kupyola muzinthu zotayira kutentha, kukumana ndi madzi oyenda pa ngodya yoyenera. Maonekedwe a cross-mayendedwe amachepetsa kupirira kwa mpweya komanso amapereka mpweya wokulirapo poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa mayendedwe otsutsana.

Makhalidwe

Mawonekedwe a Cross-mayendedwe amachepetsa kulimba kwa mpweya ndikupulumutsa mphamvu;

Itha kufananizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi a nyumba zamapangidwe okongoletsa;

Imatengera-mapangidwe aphokoso otsika, motsatira mfundo za dziko;

Zida zotenthetsera kutentha zimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka vacuum kupanga, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kwabwino;

Ma fan amatengera kapangidwe kake kozungulira, kothamanga kocheperako, kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso phokoso lochepa;

Chotsitsa champhepo choyimitsa chimayikidwa pansi pa diski ya fan blade kuti muteteze kubweza kwa mpweya, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndikuchepetsa phokoso la mphepo;

Zokhala ndi zitseko zoyendera kuti ziwonedwe mosavuta ndi kukonza;

Ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mofanana, yopereka ntchito yosinthika ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu.

Kuzizira Tower Selection

Njira Zosankhira Tower Zozizira

1.1 Choyamba, dziwani kutentha kwa madzi olowera munsanja yozirala kuti musankhe-mtundu, wapakati-wotentha-mtundu kapena wapamwamba-wotentha-mtundu wozizira wosanja.

1.2 Dziwani zofunikira za phokoso potengera zida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena{1}}pamalo, ndikusankha cross{2}}flow or counterflow cooling tower.

1.3 Sankhani kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa nsanja yozizirira molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ozizira a makina oziziritsa kapena mufiriji. Nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga kwa nsanja yozizirira kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kwa makina a firiji (nthawi zambiri 1.2-1.25).

1.4 Ngati nsanja zingapo zimayikidwa mofananira, yesani kusankha mtundu womwewo wa nsanja yozizira.

Ndemanga za Cooling Tower Selection

2.1 Zinthu zansanja yoziziramo zikuyenera kukhala zokhazikika, zolimba, zosachita dzimbiri-zosamva komanso zolumikizidwa bwino.

2.2 Kugawa kwamadzi kofanana, kuyenda kochepa kwa khoma, kusankha koyenera kwa zida zopopera zomwe sizimatsekeka.

2.3 Mtundu wa kudzaza kwa nsanja yozizirira uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamadzi ndi kutentha kwa madzi.

2.4 Chokupizacho chiyenera kulumikizidwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire-zikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali popanda kugwedezeka kapena phokoso lachilendo. Masambawo ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira kukokoloka kwa madzi. Kuyika kwa ma fan fan kumasinthika, koma ma angles ayenera kukhala osasinthasintha, ndipo mphamvu yamoto siyenera kupitirira panopa.

2.5 Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso mtengo wotsika. Zisanja zazing'ono ndi zapakati-zozizira magalasi azitsulo ziyeneranso kukhala zopepuka.

2.6 Chinsanja chozizira chiyenera kupewedwa momwe zingathere pafupi ndi malo otentha, mpweya wotayira ndi malo opangira gasi, malo osungiramo mankhwala ndi milu ya malasha.

2.7 Mtunda wapakati pa nsanja zozizirira kapena pakati pa nsanja ndi nyumba zina uyenera kuganizira osati zongowonjezera mpweya wa nsanjazo komanso kutengera komwe kuli pakati pa nsanja ndi nyumba komanso mtunda wachitetezo cha moto ndi kuphulika-kumtunda kwachitetezo chachitetezo cha nyumba ndi zomanga ndi kukonza nsanja zozizirira.

2.8 Mayendedwe a chitoliro cholowera cha nsanja yozizira amatha kuzunguliridwa ndi digirii 90, 180 kapena digirii 270.

2.9 Zida za nsanja yozizirira zimatha kupirira kutentha kochepa kwa -madigirii 50 , koma kumadera omwe kutentha kwapakati m'mwezi wozizira kwambiri kumakhala kotsika kuposa -10 digirii, ziyenera kufotokozedwa poyitanitsa kuti mutengepo njira zothana ndi chipale chofewa. Mtengo wa nsanja yozizira udzakwera pafupifupi 3%.

2.10 Kuwonongeka kwa madzi ozungulira kuyenera kupitirira 50mg / l, ndipo osapitirira 100mg / l panthawi yochepa. Siyenera kukhala ndi madontho amafuta kapena zonyansa zamakina. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuchotsa algae ndi njira zokhazikika zamadzimadzi ziyenera kutengedwa.

2.11 Dongosolo logawa madzi limapangidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwamadzi mwadzina. Ngati voliyumu yeniyeni yamadzi imasiyana ndi ± 15% kuchokera ku voliyumu yodziwika bwino yamadzi, iyenera kufotokozedwa poyika dongosolo losintha kapangidwe kake.

2.12 Posungira ndi kunyamula, palibe zinthu zolemetsa zomwe ziyenera kuikidwa pazigawo za nsanja zoziziritsa, ndipo siziyenera kuwonetseredwa ndi dzuwa. Kupewa moto kuyeneranso kuzindikiridwa. Pakuyika, kuyendetsa ndi kukonza nsanja yozizira, moto wotseguka monga kuwotcherera kwamagetsi ndi kuwotcherera gasi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zozimitsa moto ndi zozimitsa moto zisazimitsidwe pafupi.

2.13 Pakupanga nsanja zingapo zozungulira, mtunda waukonde pakati pa nsanja uyenera kukhala wosachepera 0.5 kuchulukitsa kwa nsanja. Cross-maflow towers ndi counterflow square towers atha kusanjidwa mofanana.

2.14 Pampu yamadzi yosankhidwa iyenera kufananizidwa ndi nsanja yozizirira kuti zitsimikizire zofunikira zamayendedwe monga kuthamanga ndi kukweza.

2.15 Posankha nsanja zozizirira zingapo, sankhani mtundu womwewo momwe mungathere.

Kusamalira

Madzi ozizira ambiri amakhala ndi ayoni a calcium, ayoni a magnesium ndi ma bicarbonates. Madzi ozizira akamadutsa pamwamba pazitsulo, carbonate scale imapangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi ozizira ungayambitsenso dzimbiri lachitsulo ndikupanga dzimbiri. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe a dzimbiri ndi sikelo, kutentha kwa kutentha kwa nsanja yozizirira kumachepa. Pazovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kupopera madzi ozizira kunja kwa chipolopolo. Kukweza kwambiri kumatha kutsekereza mapaipi ndikupangitsa kusinthana kwa kutentha kukhala kosagwira ntchito. Deta ya kafukufuku ikuwonetsa kuti madipoziti a sikelo amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakutayika kwa kutentha. Kuwonjezeka kwa madipoziti kudzabweretsa ndalama zambiri zamagetsi. Ngakhale sikelo yopyapyala imatha kukulitsa mtengo wogwirira ntchito wagawo locheperako la zida zopitilira 40%. Kusunga mayendedwe ozizirira opanda ma dipoziti amchere kumatha kuwongolera bwino, kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zida, ndikupulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama zopangira. Kwa nthawi yaitali, njira zachikale zoyeretsera monga zamakina (kupala, kutsuka), -madzi othamanga kwambiri, ndi kutsuka mankhwala (pickling) zakhala zikukumana ndi mavuto ambiri poyeretsa: sangathe kuchotseratu sikelo ndi ma depositi ena, asidi amawononga zipangizo kuti zibowole, ndipo asidi wotsalayo amayambitsa dzimbiri kapenanso kuchepera pang'ono{12}chiwiyacho. Komanso, kuyeretsa zinyalala zamadzimadzi ndi poizoni ndipo amafuna ndalama zambiri mankhwala madzi oipa.